Consumer Perception on Public vs Private Bank

Human Resources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

HR - Essay Example displayed indications of forceful conduct as far as continually shouting at his subordinates, singling out some distinguished people (saw as impinging in his situation) based on race, sex or sexual direction, obstructing his subordinate’s advancements, assaulting laborers through verbally abusing or conveying individual hostile reactions as jokes, purposely humiliating his subordinates before higher administration or different partners, among others. No subordinate even had the boldness nor the veracity to report his conduct to higher administration since a past occurrence of revealing the segregation issues caused the subordinate’s work. The demonstrations really abuse the law on Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO), explicitly Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 which expresses that â€Å"this law makes it illicit to victimize somebody based on race, shading, religion, national starting point, or sex. The law likewise makes it illicit to fight back against an individual in light of the fact that the individual griped about segregation, documented a charge of separation, or took an interest in a business segregation examination or claim. The law likewise necessitates that businesses sensibly oblige candidates and workers earnestly held strict practices, except if doing so would force an undue hardship on the activity of the businesses business† (U.S. Equivalent Employment Opportunity Commission, n.d., standard. 1) The Human Resources Department (HRD)could have taken care of the circumstance by making arbitrary real checking and survey of the presentation of their administrative work force through different methods: through direct (yet unannounced and discrete) perception, conveying execution perception structures to be finished by subordinates (for every administrative position), empowering detailing through an open correspondence line where the sender’s character could be unknown, and giving standard direction to all representatives on relevant work laws and approaches to document

Meister Weve Got Five New Team Members! - Focus

Meister Weve Got Five New Team Members! - Focus The year is drawing to a close but that hasnt meant a hold on recruitment at Meister! No, actually it means quite the opposite. Weve just hired five new team members in development, design, office management and product management. Welcome aboard: Stefanie, Kevin, Mara, Marton and Rabea! Stefanie Hofbauer â€"  Office Manager My background Hosting is something that Ive always enjoyed and something that came naturally to me, so attending tourism school when given the chance was kind of a no-brainer. After graduating in 2005, I worked mostly in the hospitality industry. In Vienna for the first six years, then seasonal work in Tyrol for six months after that. This is before I finally took the plunge and relocated to London. After working in an upscale hotel in central London for another four years, my British partner and I decided that it was time for our own little Brexit. After returning to Vienna, I worked managing an apartment hotel that formed part of a language school. I then decided that the time was right to do something a little different, and joined Meister! My role at Meister My role was described to me as some sort of mix between “Office Mum” and jack-of-all-trades. I joined Meister at the beginning of September 2019, and so far, this has proven to be a pretty accurate description. While I do deal with the companys monthly tax advisor prep as well as travel and conference arrangements, I also get to restock the snack bar, drinks, supplies, and organize team events. About me I love hiking, no matter the distance. I have hiked several long distance trails in a lot of different places, but am still always on the lookout for a new hiking adventure. Im partial to a bit of yoga every now and again. When I am not exploring the great outdoors, I can be found enjoying the great indoors, usually on the sofa, sipping a cuppa, and working on my latest crochet project. I also have built up a nice vinyl record collection over the past few years and I am particularly proud of my soundtrack and Christmas sections! Disclaimer: while I may be a bit of a nerd who loves playing some Carcasonne, Settlers of Catan and even some Skyrim, be warned that I have absolutely no clue about programming.   Mara Münzing â€" Marketing Designer My background I grew up in Frankfurt, Germany before moving to to Vienna in June 2019. I studied Communications and Design just outside of Frankfurt in a little town called Wiesbaden.  After completing my degree, I worked as a freelance graphic designer and founded a company called Herzlech, which made custom souvenirs for the Lech ski resort. I designed the products, took care of all orders and established the brand over the winter. I was able to pursue my second passion at the same time â€" skiing. I started working as a ski instructor from the age of 16 and did it up until very recently. Ive recently joined Meister and am really excited for all the new challenges awaiting me! My role at Meister As a Meister marketing designer, my main focus will be on the design of all marketing materials, ads, collaterals and the creation of in-house videos. I will also be responsible for the creation of presentation and document templates, UI and the design of web app features.   About me When I’m not working you’ll find me outside running or walking my two dogs Meggie and Josie or trying to improve my softball skills. Im a new member of the Bumblebees, so I spend many of my weekends on the softball field. I spend the rest of my time hanging out with friends, watching TV shows and in the winter â€" skiing. I love traveling and visiting new places. Arts, design and fashion are also essential parts of my life.   I love reading a good book and working on some of my illustrations. But Im trying to get to know my new home in Vienna and its surroundings at the moment.   Kevin Kuhn â€" Product Manager My background I completed a Bachelors degree in Entrepreneurship. Sometime, just before completing my studies, I caught startup fever. This led me to dedicate the last eight years of my professional career to working in smaller companies and being a part of building them from the ground up. My last stint was at an e-commerce platform that focused on sustainable food and beverage brands. While I loved my position as an all-rounder (jumping in and out of product management, IT and marketing), I was on the lookout for a company with a vision that I could really get behind. That’s when I stumbled upon Meister…   My role at Meister As part of MeisterTasks product management team, I spend a lot of time thinking about various ways to provide even more value to our users. To do that, I monitor our constant stream of external feature requests as well as all the ideas that come from our internal development teams. I provide input into our development roadmap in terms of prioritization. I work closely with design and development, and together we try to do what it takes to bring the best new features to life.   About me When not at work, a really good day for me would look something like this: Wake up early and calm down by meditating. Then, enjoy a nice cup of Japanese green tea while digging through a stack of non-fiction books or listening to a good podcast. After that is when it’d be the ideal time to either take my bike for a ride around the Danube Island or to hit the gym for some weight-lifting. A more contemplative (but equally wonderful) alternative would be to go explore the world through my camera lens. To conclude a perfect day, my girlfriend and I would invite friends over and treat them to a nice home-cooked dinner and a fun night of board games. Márton Bartal   â€" Backend Developer My background Im from Slovakia, but am part of a minority Hungarian diaspora located there. After secondary school, I attended the Vienna Technical University where I studied Software Engineering. The road to completing my degree has taken a little longer than expected (almost finished), but has been rewarding nonetheless. The main reason behind my delay is that Ive been working as a software developer on a part-time basis since 2014. Up until recently, my main area of specialization was on full stack development, but since starting at Meister, my focus has shifted to backend development. My role at Meister As a backend developer, my job is to make sure that everything our user needs when using our products works flawlessly. But maintenance only forms one part of my job, the other part is working on releasing new features, especially those that require a bit of heavy lifting on the server side.   About me Im a night owl, who tends to spend a lot of my free time learning about new things. Even though I was always more fascinated by mathematics, physics and the sciences when I was younger, I find as I get older, Ive grown to love and appreciate the social sciences as well. I love talking about languages, cultures and how complicated we humans are. Apart from trying to learn and understand (almost) everything, I enjoy watching movies and TV-shows, listening to music or just being a lazy couch potato. I used to be big into gaming but thats not really the case anymore, unless a really interesting game comes out, that is. Rabea Thies  â€"  People Manager   My background   I am originally from the lovely Münsterland in Germany but moved to Vienna in 2017 to study a Masters degree in International Management/CEMS at the Vienna University of Economics and Business. My background in business and psychology allows me to work on my main area of interest â€" people. Im interested in people in organizations, the attraction and retention of talent, ways to foster team collaboration and of course minimizing stress in the workplace. I’m very happy to be a part of the Meister team and to see the team grow (not just size-wise)! My role at Meister As Meisters People Manager, Im responsible for everything people related. That includes: finding exciting people to join our team, and then retaining those people; looking after our great company culture and coming up with new ideas to increase collaboration and the transfer of knowledge within Meister. One of my Masters projects involved using Meister as a case study and looking for ways to make it a company thats even more attractive to Viennese developers. Im very excited that part of my job will also involve seeing those ideas come to life.   About me   The town where Im from in Germany sits right next to the Dutch border, which means that I basically grew up on a bicycle, or as we say â€" fiets. In my free time, you can usually find me exploring Vienna on my fiets, looking out for new cafés and taking photos of cool places. When Im not doing that, Im either in my kitchen trying out new recipes with friends, at yoga (I am training to become a yoga instructor) or in my hammock somewhere in the Prater reading or thinking about my next travel destination. Im always up for a good conversation about travel destinations and especially love hearing travel stories! Meister Weve Got Five New Team Members! - Focus The year is drawing to a close but that hasnt meant a hold on recruitment at Meister! No, actually it means quite the opposite. Weve just hired five new team members in development, design, office management and product management. Welcome aboard: Stefanie, Kevin, Mara, Marton and Rabea! Stefanie Hofbauer â€"  Office Manager My background Hosting is something that Ive always enjoyed and something that came naturally to me, so attending tourism school when given the chance was kind of a no-brainer. After graduating in 2005, I worked mostly in the hospitality industry. In Vienna for the first six years, then seasonal work in Tyrol for six months after that. This is before I finally took the plunge and relocated to London. After working in an upscale hotel in central London for another four years, my British partner and I decided that it was time for our own little Brexit. After returning to Vienna, I worked managing an apartment hotel that formed part of a language school. I then decided that the time was right to do something a little different, and joined Meister! My role at Meister My role was described to me as some sort of mix between “Office Mum” and jack-of-all-trades. I joined Meister at the beginning of September 2019, and so far, this has proven to be a pretty accurate description. While I do deal with the companys monthly tax advisor prep as well as travel and conference arrangements, I also get to restock the snack bar, drinks, supplies, and organize team events. About me I love hiking, no matter the distance. I have hiked several long distance trails in a lot of different places, but am still always on the lookout for a new hiking adventure. Im partial to a bit of yoga every now and again. When I am not exploring the great outdoors, I can be found enjoying the great indoors, usually on the sofa, sipping a cuppa, and working on my latest crochet project. I also have built up a nice vinyl record collection over the past few years and I am particularly proud of my soundtrack and Christmas sections! Disclaimer: while I may be a bit of a nerd who loves playing some Carcasonne, Settlers of Catan and even some Skyrim, be warned that I have absolutely no clue about programming.   Mara Münzing â€" Marketing Designer My background I grew up in Frankfurt, Germany before moving to to Vienna in June 2019. I studied Communications and Design just outside of Frankfurt in a little town called Wiesbaden.  After completing my degree, I worked as a freelance graphic designer and founded a company called Herzlech, which made custom souvenirs for the Lech ski resort. I designed the products, took care of all orders and established the brand over the winter. I was able to pursue my second passion at the same time â€" skiing. I started working as a ski instructor from the age of 16 and did it up until very recently. Ive recently joined Meister and am really excited for all the new challenges awaiting me! My role at Meister As a Meister marketing designer, my main focus will be on the design of all marketing materials, ads, collaterals and the creation of in-house videos. I will also be responsible for the creation of presentation and document templates, UI and the design of web app features.   About me When I’m not working you’ll find me outside running or walking my two dogs Meggie and Josie or trying to improve my softball skills. Im a new member of the Bumblebees, so I spend many of my weekends on the softball field. I spend the rest of my time hanging out with friends, watching TV shows and in the winter â€" skiing. I love traveling and visiting new places. Arts, design and fashion are also essential parts of my life.   I love reading a good book and working on some of my illustrations. But Im trying to get to know my new home in Vienna and its surroundings at the moment.   Kevin Kuhn â€" Product Manager My background I completed a Bachelors degree in Entrepreneurship. Sometime, just before completing my studies, I caught startup fever. This led me to dedicate the last eight years of my professional career to working in smaller companies and being a part of building them from the ground up. My last stint was at an e-commerce platform that focused on sustainable food and beverage brands. While I loved my position as an all-rounder (jumping in and out of product management, IT and marketing), I was on the lookout for a company with a vision that I could really get behind. That’s when I stumbled upon Meister…   My role at Meister As part of MeisterTasks product management team, I spend a lot of time thinking about various ways to provide even more value to our users. To do that, I monitor our constant stream of external feature requests as well as all the ideas that come from our internal development teams. I provide input into our development roadmap in terms of prioritization. I work closely with design and development, and together we try to do what it takes to bring the best new features to life.   About me When not at work, a really good day for me would look something like this: Wake up early and calm down by meditating. Then, enjoy a nice cup of Japanese green tea while digging through a stack of non-fiction books or listening to a good podcast. After that is when it’d be the ideal time to either take my bike for a ride around the Danube Island or to hit the gym for some weight-lifting. A more contemplative (but equally wonderful) alternative would be to go explore the world through my camera lens. To conclude a perfect day, my girlfriend and I would invite friends over and treat them to a nice home-cooked dinner and a fun night of board games. Márton Bartal   â€" Backend Developer My background Im from Slovakia, but am part of a minority Hungarian diaspora located there. After secondary school, I attended the Vienna Technical University where I studied Software Engineering. The road to completing my degree has taken a little longer than expected (almost finished), but has been rewarding nonetheless. The main reason behind my delay is that Ive been working as a software developer on a part-time basis since 2014. Up until recently, my main area of specialization was on full stack development, but since starting at Meister, my focus has shifted to backend development. My role at Meister As a backend developer, my job is to make sure that everything our user needs when using our products works flawlessly. But maintenance only forms one part of my job, the other part is working on releasing new features, especially those that require a bit of heavy lifting on the server side.   About me Im a night owl, who tends to spend a lot of my free time learning about new things. Even though I was always more fascinated by mathematics, physics and the sciences when I was younger, I find as I get older, Ive grown to love and appreciate the social sciences as well. I love talking about languages, cultures and how complicated we humans are. Apart from trying to learn and understand (almost) everything, I enjoy watching movies and TV-shows, listening to music or just being a lazy couch potato. I used to be big into gaming but thats not really the case anymore, unless a really interesting game comes out, that is. Rabea Thies  â€"  People Manager   My background   I am originally from the lovely Münsterland in Germany but moved to Vienna in 2017 to study a Masters degree in International Management/CEMS at the Vienna University of Economics and Business. My background in business and psychology allows me to work on my main area of interest â€" people. Im interested in people in organizations, the attraction and retention of talent, ways to foster team collaboration and of course minimizing stress in the workplace. I’m very happy to be a part of the Meister team and to see the team grow (not just size-wise)! My role at Meister As Meisters People Manager, Im responsible for everything people related. That includes: finding exciting people to join our team, and then retaining those people; looking after our great company culture and coming up with new ideas to increase collaboration and the transfer of knowledge within Meister. One of my Masters projects involved using Meister as a case study and looking for ways to make it a company thats even more attractive to Viennese developers. Im very excited that part of my job will also involve seeing those ideas come to life.   About me   The town where Im from in Germany sits right next to the Dutch border, which means that I basically grew up on a bicycle, or as we say â€" fiets. In my free time, you can usually find me exploring Vienna on my fiets, looking out for new cafés and taking photos of cool places. When Im not doing that, Im either in my kitchen trying out new recipes with friends, at yoga (I am training to become a yoga instructor) or in my hammock somewhere in the Prater reading or thinking about my next travel destination. Im always up for a good conversation about travel destinations and especially love hearing travel stories!

Capital Adequacy and Risk Management in Banks - 1498 Words

CAPITAL ADEQUACY FRAMEWORK AND RISK MANAGEMENT IN BANKS GUEST LECTURE: MR. R M PATTANAIK EX GM- INDIAN OVERSEAS BANK CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO (CAR) Also known as Capital to Risk (Weighted) Assets Ratio (CRAR) is the ratio of a bank’s capital to its risk. National regulators track a banks CAR to ensure that it can absorb a reasonable amount of loss and complies with statutory capital requirements. It is a measure of a banks capital. It is expressed as a percentage of a banks risk weighted credit exposures. This ratio is used to protect depositors and promote the stability and efficiency of financial systems around the world. Two types of capital are measured: tier one capital, which can absorb losses without a bank being†¦show more content†¦* Basel 3: Basel III is part of the continuous effort made by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision to enhance the banking regulatory framework. It builds on the Basel I and Basel II documents, and seeks to improve the banking sectors ability to deal with financial and economic stress, improve risk management and strengthen the banks transparency. BASEL-I vs. BASEL-II THE 3 PILLARS OF BASEL II Basel – II norms are based on 3 pillars: * MINIMUM CAPITAL – Banks must hold capital against 8% of their assets, after adjusting their assets for risk. Capital for credit risk, market risk and operational risk. * SUPERVISORY REVIEW – It is the process whereby national regulators ensure their home country banks are following the rules. This pillar works on 4 principles: 1. Measurement of own risk and capital adequacy of banks (ICAAP) 2. Supervisory review of internal banking procedures (SREP) 3. Capital above the regulatory minimum 4. Supervisory action: intervention at an early stage to prevent slippage. * MARKET DISCIPLINE – It is based on enhanced disclosure of risk. This pillar compliments Pillar 1 and Pillar 2. 5. Encourages disclosure requirements to enable market participants to assess the capital adequacy of the bank. 6. Disclosure of qualitative and quantitative aspects pertaining to: scope ofShow MoreRelatedCapital Requirements And Risk Management 1424 Words   |  6 PagesOn September 12th, the 27 central banks in Switzerland finally unanimously adopted new banking regulatory agreement - the Basel III, this agreement greatly enhance the regulatory industry to a minimum proportion of bank core capital requirements, this is a agreement after the financial crisis, the largest global regulatory reform achievements made by the banking sector. Compared to more emphasis on banks own internal control and management, regulatory review process and market discipline, theRead MoreEssay about Role of Apra1166 Words   |  5 Pagessupervision and depositor protection moves from the Reserve Bank to APRA. Its intention is to provide for a ‘more consistent, competitively neutral and efficient approach to the regulation of financial institutions, while enhancing overall depositor protection and financial system stability’1. This paper will thus find out about ARPA’s responsibilities related to banking in traditional sense of the term. First of all, a quick glance at ‘what is a bank’ should be made and it can come to surprise to findRead MoreIntroduction: The financial sector has been hit badly by the financial crisis in 2008. The1600 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: The financial sector has been hit badly by the financial crisis in 2008. The increased competition between banks induced executives to take excessive risk to maximize bank’s profit, as their performance compared to other competitors is measured by the revenues they achieve to financial institutions and its stock value (Kashyap, Rajan et al. 2008). Banks went into trouble especially after the expansion of mortgage finance and facilitating loans to homebuyers with the lowest possibleRead MoreBasel 2 is the second Basel after Basel Accords known as Basel 1. By using Basel 2 in Australia,1100 Words   |  5 Pagesregulatory capital with the single risk profiles of financial institutions, a bank with greater exposure to the risk of peers who will hold more capital, while the less exposed to the risk that will hold less capital. Picture 1.1 Picture 1.1 shows that Basel 1 (Accord) has a risk-weighted at one hundred percent with $100 loan to the corporate entity and a total capital charge of $8. Beside that, through a standardized approach of Basel II, the corporate entity is rating AA, generate credit risk capitalRead MoreThe Importance Of A Credit Risk Management973 Words   |  4 Pagesprocess of controlling credit risk management by the banking industries from all over the world. Proper consideration of these factors in for the proper credit risk management process is very essential. Thus the study of these factors is always helpful for the banks. 2.2.1.1 Importance of proper policy for risk management in banks While looking at the events of financial crisis of the various countries it can be said that misunderstanding of the development of the risk factors from their roots andRead MoreFinancial Performance Of The Non Performing Loans Ratio1356 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction To determine whether the SDB stocks are correctly priced, the financial performance of the SDB is assessed through its asset quality, earnings capability and capital adequacy. The suitability of the stake at 1.6 times the book value is also considered. All graphs and exhibits mentioned in the report are in the appendix. It should be noted that the analysis of this investments are purely done on information provided in the case study so limitations apply. Asset Quality The non-performingRead MoreThe Implementation Of Basel IIi894 Words   |  4 Pages1 On 20 May this year the Amendment to the Banks Act regulations (Regulations) in terms of section 90 of the Banks Act, 1990 (Banks Act) were published in the government gazette and will come into effect on 1 July 2016. A number of cosmetic changes have been made to the Regulations but a few material changes will be highlighted in this alert. 2 Subsequent to the implementation of Basel III in South Africa on 1 January 2013, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) issued revised requirementsRead MoreHedge Funds : Hedge Fund1628 Words   |  7 Pagescharacteristics. With a rapid rate of growth, the hedge fund industry also attracts attention of academics. They have analysed the performance of hedge funds from different perspectives and implied the necessity of further researches on hedge funds’ capital adequacy. In 2000, Fung and Hsieh used a mean-variance approach to study hedge fund exposures in some major market events. They analysed hedge fund performance during turbulent market times. But due to limitations of their research methodology, they foundRead MoreBanking System Stability Is Largely Built On A Number Of Internal And External Characteristics1270 Words   |  6 Pagesvariables include Capital adequacy, Asset quality, Management quality, Earning, Liquidity, to analyze the probability of bank failures. Their study documented that smaller banks and well-capitalized banks can obtain a higher degree of capacity to maintain stability individually, and comparing to universal banks, they contribute more to the stability of a nation s banking system. Those variables reflect the internal environment for operations of an individual bank and may be varied while banks choose toRead MoreNarasimham Committee on Banking Sector Reforms1298 Words   |  6 Pagesfocussed on issues like size of ba nks and capital Adequacy ratio among other things The 1998 report of the Committee to the GOI made the following major recommendations: Autonomy in Banking Greater autonomy was proposed for the public sector banks in order for them to function with equivalent professionalism as their international counterparts.[11] For this the panel recommended that recruitment procedures, training and remuneration policies of public sector banks be brought in line with the best-market-practices

My Personal Statement On Yoga Habit - 943 Words

This semester, I aimed to drink 8 cups of water a day and practice yoga twice a week. Did I fail? No. Did I succeed? No. I chose easy habits to stick to, and I found that I still had a hard time sticking to them! The yoga habit was easier to stick with than the water challenge. I found it significantly easier to find the time to do yoga than I found it to drink water, especially on the days when I was busy. For the success of my yoga habit, I would give myself a 5 out of 5. I met my goal, and practiced yoga at least twice a week during every week of this assignment. For my water-drinking goal, I would give myself a 3 out of 5, because I could never maintain a streak of drinking 8 or more cups of water for more than 3 days. Overall, I would rate myself as a 3.5 out of 5 for the success of my healthy habits, because my main goal was to drink more water. As you can see on Graph 1, there is a pattern linked to my water-drinking: on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays, I was typically able to drink my 8 cups of water. But on the weekends and Mondays, it was significantly more difficult. I think it is because on Tuesdays and Thursdays I have a 3-hour break in between my classes that I use to study. I can just fill up my water bottle and go. I often end up refilling my water bottle during that 3-hour study period. On Fridays, I just bring water with me to my practicum school and I end up drinking the right amount of water. But I work on the weekends and, as I discussed in myShow MoreRelatedYoga and the Mind824 Words   |  3 Pagesanything.† That is a popular saying amongst Yogis (yoga instructors) very few people recognize the truth and meaning behind this statement. There is a clear connection between the health benefits associated with yoga having to do with the body, power strength, balance, flexibility. Few people are aware of t he multiple benefits it can serve for the brain and mind as well. Is there a clear benefit and connection between mind and body when practicing yoga? â€Å"Yoga can supposedly improve depressive symptomsRead MoreBenefits of Waking Up Early827 Words   |  4 Pageswealthy as well as wise. And that is not merely an age-old saying. It works in daily life too. Read on to know how. 1. Time to Exercise Waking up early gives you the time to exercise. You can easily go for a jog, do a few laps in the pool, practice yoga or hit the gym with plenty of time at hand. 2. Time to Meditate There is nothing like beginning the day with a dose of meditation. It will help calm your mind and sharpen your reflexes to keep you going through your busy schedule of work. 3. ExperienceRead MoreAn Investigation Into Positive Psychology Interventions2811 Words   |  12 PagesINTRODUCTION The morning of November 22nd 2001 was a moment of crystalline clarity in the researcher’s life; she awoke at her friend’s house in England and announced that she was going to become a yoga instructor; she had not yet attended her first class. Today she is in her 15th year of a steady, regular yoga practice and she is an instructor. The researcher intends to use the initial years of this successful transition of change and transformation to illustrate the journey of change over an extendedRead MoreSummary of the Seven Habits of Highly Effective People2323 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People,† Stephen Covey helps people become more effective when dealing with the significant challenges of life. In details, Stephen Covey provides guidelines for managing time and balancing studies, social life, job, and other priorities. The first three habits are focused on personal victories. They teach how to develop self-mastery and dependence . Those three habits are: Be Proactive, Begin with the End in Mind, and Put First Things First. Habits four, fiveRead MoreReal Self How Others See Me Ideal Self3515 Words   |  15 Pagesgirls after a certain age and started losing friends around 16. Well I realized my friends were around me because they liked my company. When I fell into a deep depression after coming to terms with the world, some didn t want to be around me anymore because it made them feel bad too. The best advice I had which I read online was pay attention to what people do instead of what they say. This dramatically improved my life. I noticed girls’ eyes lighting up when they mentioned topics and they wouldRead MoreCase Study Josephine Miller1359 Words   |  4 Pageswill face her issues because they’ve seen that determination in her before throughout her many successful years at her job. These types of conversations will revitalize the real Josephine and make her think back to all the good times she’s had. Lastly, my third therapeutic communication technique is open-ended questions. I believe that this technique will allow Josephine to open up her mind and force her to leave her comfort zone. Open-ended question are a good way to start conversations as the clientRead MoreDTTLS Assignments5208 Words   |  21 Pagesenrolment forms, health forms, learning aims forms. Levels: beginners, all levels and improvers. IT – access information online, email tutor, search for other classes/progression. Demonstrate understanding of the general economic, social and personal issues relating to weak skills. Exercise with cards February 2nd   http://shop.niace.org.uk/media/catalog/product/a/7/a729_it_doesnt_get_any_better_english.pdf http://www.lifelonglearning.co.uk/mosergroup/rep03.htm   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Read MoreExercise Can Prevent Obesity Essay1789 Words   |  8 Pagesprogressively lower the BMI. Everyone needs to eat, and switching a diet around to less appetizing foods is a feat in itself, however the word exercise holds an intimidating challenge over most individual’s heads. The frivolous and over indulgent eating habits tied with the lack of any sort of exercise or activity, exhibited by most obese people, makes it even more difficult to entertain the idea of exe rcising again. Unfortunately for them, exercise can not be disregarded. There are numerous ways in whichRead MoreWhat Causes Stress And My Career And Family Responsibilities Must Be Done Or Calamity Will Strike?2255 Words   |  10 Pagess nothing you can do about your stress level. When you are operating from your logical brain, the brain says things like... The bills aren t going to stop coming, there will never be more hours in the day for all of the errands I need to run, and my career and family responsibilities must be done or calamity will strike. Most of us become so acclimated to stress in our daily lives, that it becomes our second nature and we do not know what it is that causes stress. The answer is, what causes stressRead MoreThe Behavior Of Eating Disorders2650 Words   |  11 Pagesdirectly target physical appearance are essential steps parents should consider. An eating disorder is an illness that causes serious disturbances to ones everyday diet, such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely overeating stated Personal Counseling Resources. Two of the most common eating disorders are Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia. Anorexia occurs when people see themselves as overweight, even when they are underweight. People diagnosed with Anorexia become overly obsessed with

Viscosity Free Essays

Viscosity of Liquids Part I: Low Viscosities Mona Kanj Harakeh 1 Objectives †¢ To measure and analyze the viscosities of ideal (Toluene/p-Xylene) and nonideal (Methanol/Water) binary solutions and their components. †¢ To determine the Activation Energy to viscous flow. †¢ The effect of temperature change on the viscosity will be studied. We will write a custom essay sample on Viscosity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Method: The viscosities of liquids are determined by measuring the flow time for various liquids in an Ostwald viscometer. 2 Ostwald viscometer 3 Viscosity †¢ The resistance of a liquid to flow is called its viscosity Viscosity is a property of liquids that is important in applications ranging from oil flow in engines to blood flow through arteries and veins. Measuring viscosity †¢ How long a liquid takes to flow out of a pipette under the force of gravity. †¢ How fast an object (steel ball) sinks through the liquid under gravitational force. 4 Molecular properties contributing to viscosity Viscosity arises from the directed motion of molecules past each other, it is a measure of the ease with which molecules move past one another. It is affected by many factors such as: †¢ Molecular size. Molecular shape. †¢ Intermolecular interactions (attractive force between the molecules). †¢ Structure of the liquid itself. †¢ Temperature(Viscosity decreases w ith increasing temperature the increasing kinetic energy overcomes the attractive forces and molecules can more easily move past each other). 5 Viscosity ? The IUPAC symbol of viscosity is the greek symbol eta â€Å"? †. ? Viscosity â€Å"? † of a fluid is its resistance to flow. ? When a Liquid flows, whether through a tube or as the result of pouring from a container. Layers of liquid slide over each other. The force (f) required is directly proportional to the Area (A) and velocity (v) of the layers and inversely proportional to the distance (d) between them. Av Equ. 1 f fd gcms cm ? ? gcm ? 1 s ? 1 ? 1 piose ? 1P Av cm 2 cms ? 2 ?2 d unit of viscosity 6 Viscosity Units The unit of viscosity is the poise named after Poiseuille Jean Louis Marie. It is most commonly expressed in terms of centipoise â€Å"cP†. The centipoise is commonly used because water has a viscosity of 1. 0020 cP at 20oC; the closeness to one is a convenient coincidence. The SI unit of vis cosity is Pascal-second (Pa ·s) = N ·s m–2 or Kg m-1 s-1. †¢ In cgs unit 1 Poise â€Å"P† = 1 g. cm-1. s-1 (dyne . s) 10-2 Poise â€Å"P†= 1 centipoise â€Å"cP† 1 Pa. s = 103 cP 10 P = 1 Kg ·m? 1 ·s? 1 = 1 Pa. s 1 cP = 0. 001 Pa. s = 1 mPa. s †¢ The conversion between the units: 1 P = 0. 1 Pa. s For many liquids at room temperature the viscosity is very small 7 (0. 002-0. 04) therefore (10-2 P), centiP is often used. Ostwald Method †¢ Time for fixed volume V of liquid to fall through a capillary into a reservoir Upper Fiducial mark – Depends on density. – Depends on viscosity. Reference liquid is used. †¢ This type can be used for liquids of viscosity up to 100 poise. Lower Fiducial mark 8 Ostwald Method The rate of flow R (cm3/sec) of a liquid through a cylindrical tube of radius r and length l under a pressure head P is given by the Pousille equation. Equ. 2 Measurement of P, r, t, V, and l permits the calculat ion of the viscosity: Equ. 3 It is easier to measure the viscosity of a liquid by comparing it with another liquid of known viscosity. Since P = ? gh Equ. 4 The viscosity of a solution can be determined relative to a reference liquid (de-ionized H2O). 9 Oswald viscometer The Oswald viscometer is a simple device for comparing the flow times of two liquids of known density. If the viscosity of one liquid is known, the other can be calculated. Ostwald viscometer is used to measure the low viscosities’ liquid. After the reservoir is filled with a liquid, it is pulled by suction above the upper mark. The time required for the liquid to fall from mark 1 to mark 2 is recorded. Then the time required for the same volume of a liquid of known viscosity to flow under identical conditions is recorded, and the viscosity is calculated with Equation ? ? ? k? Equ. 5 ? ? ( r ) ? t ? r tr Where â€Å"r† refers to the viscosity, density and flow time for a reference liquid, usually water. Therefore it is important to do set of measurements of known liquid and at controlled temperature. 10 Fluidity Equ. 6 †¢ The reciprocal of viscosity is fluidity, F ? ? †¢ The concept of fluidity can be used to determine the viscosity of an ide al solution. †¢ One particular advantage for fluidity is that the fluidities of mixed binary solutions of liquids a and b are approximately additive. So if each pure liquid has fluidities Fa and Fb, the fluidity of a mixture is given by: where ? a and ? b is the mole fraction of component a and b respectively, †¢ Fluidity equation is only slightly simpler than the equivalent equation in terms of viscosity  µ = ? : Equ. 8 †¢ where ? a and ? b is the mole fraction of component a and b respectively, and ? a and ? b are the components of pure viscosities. †¢ The viscosity of the mixture is not linear 11 Kendall proposed another approach for expressing the viscosity of a mixture: ln? ? ? A ln? A ? ? B ln? B Equ. 9 Where xA and xB are the mole fractions of component A and B respectively, and ? A and ? B are the components as pure viscosities. The above equation is valid for the Ideal Solutions such as Toluene/p-Xylene in which the interaction energies between the components are the same as those between the pure components. The failure of component fluidities to be additive in the mixed state arises, then, either from the formation of association complexes between the components or from the destruction of such complexes that may be present in the pure components after the pure components are mixed. Under this circumstance the following equations would not be valid: and ln? ? ? A ln? A ? ? B ln? B 12 Temperature Dependence of Viscosity †¢ Over a reasonably wide temperature range, the viscosity of a pure liquid increases exponentially with inverse absolute temperature. †¢ This relation was first expressed quantitatively by Arrhenius E? (1912). ? ? A exp( †¢ Where A is a constant for a given liquid and E? is the activation energy of viscosity. †¢ The transported molecules should overcome the activation energy in order to overcome intermolecular attractive forces. RT ) Equ. 10 †¢ A plot of ln ? against 1/T (Arrhenius plot) should be linear and have a slope equal to E? R. E ln ? ? ln A ? ? Equ. 9 RT 13 Experimental †¢ To measure the viscosity by Ostwald method, A liquid is allowed to flow through a thin-bore tube ( 1 mm) then the flow rate is determined and the physical dimensions for the tube should be known exactly. †¢ Ostwald viscometer should be calibrated with a reference liquid therefore the radius and Length of the viscometer can be known precisely. †¢ Operationally, the experiment is done by measuring the time required for a given volume of liquid to flow through the viscometer capillary. †¢ The driving force is the gravity. Ostwald viscometer is designed to keep the height of the separation of the upper and lower levels of the flowing liquid as constant as possible. 14 Calibration of the Ostwald Viscometer †¢ Ostwald viscometer is calibrated using 10 mL of purified water. The flow rate, density and known viscosity of purified water are used to calculate k. Measurement of viscosity of different solutions †¢ The viscosity of two mixed solutions with different percentages of liquids will be measured using Ostwald method. Chemicals Molar Mass(g/mol) Molecular Formula Methanol 32. 04 CH O Toluene 92. 4 CH A- Toluene/p-xylene p-Xylene 106. 16 CH Water 18. 02 HO B- Methanol/Water †¢ Measure the viscosity for each pure liquid then measure the viscosity 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% percentage s by volume. 4 7 8 8 10 2 15 Procedure: Suspend the viscometer into a large beaker (2-L) of water that is placed on a hot plate, that is as close to 25 ° C as possible. Make sure the viscometer is fully immersed in the water. 1. Pipette 10 ml of de-ionized water of known density into the Ostwald viscometer and allow time for the liquid to equilibrate to the temperature of the bath. Then use a pipette bulb to push or pull the liquid level up above the upper fiducial mark on the viscometer. Allow the water to run back down and start the timer exactly as the meniscus passes the upper mark. Stop the timer just as the meniscus passes the lower mark. Repeat at least twice. Your flow times should agree to within about 0. 4 seconds. 2. Clean and dry the viscometer by running a few milliliters of acetone through it. Drain the acetone and aspirate for about a minute to evaporate all the acetone. 3. Determine the flow times of each of your methanol/water 16 solutions at 25 ° C. Procedure: cont’d . Complete the series by measuring the flow time for pure Methanol. Repeat each at least twice. Your flow times should agree to within about 0. 4 seconds. 5. Clean and dry the viscometer as before. 6. Determine the flow times of each toluene/p-xylene solution as in step 3. End the determinations with the pure p-xylene. 7. For our temperature work heat the water bath in ro ughly 5 to 10 degree increments and determine the flow time of the pure pxylene as before at each temperature. Make sure that the temperature is constant. The exact temperature is not important as long as it is known to  ± 0.  °C, and that the viscometer has had time to equilibrate to a new temperature. Stop at about 60 ° C. 17 Table Data 1: The flow times of each of ( methanol/water) and (toluene/p-xylene) solutions at 25oC %by volume 100% water 20% methanol 40% methanol 60% methanol 80% methanol 100% methanol Flow time (1) (s) Flow time (2) (s) Flow time (3) (s) Average Flow time (s) 100% p-xylene 20% toluene 40% toluene 60% toluene 80% toluene 100% toluene 18 The flow times of methanol at different temperature: Table Data 2: The flow times of p-xylene at different temperature. Temperature Flow time (1) (s) Flow time (2) (s) ( °C) 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 Flow time (3) (s) Average Flow time (s) 19 Viscosity Table of Results 1: Methanol, volume % 0% Methanol Methanol , weight % The flow times of a series of Water/Methanol solutions that are 0,20,40,60, 80, and 100% by volume. Average Flow time, t (sec) viscosity, ? (cP) ? ? k? t Fluidity F ? Density, ? (g/mL) ? 1 100% Water 20 40 0 density of H2O 0. 99704 0. 971 0. 944 ? of H2O 0. 8904 16. 54 34. 57 60 80 100 54. 33 76. 02 100 0. 909 0. 859 0. 788 20 Density of Methanol/Water Mixtures at 25 0C Viscosity Table of Results 1: Cont’d %by volume Densi Mole fraction ln? ? ? ln? ? ? ln? A A B B ty (g/ml ) 0. 997 0. 971 0. 944 0. 909 0. 859 0. 788 Xwater =1 Xwater= Xmethanol= Xwater= Xmethanol= Xwater= Xmethanol= Xwater= Xmethanol= Xmethanol=1 viscosity ? (cP) Fluidity F ? ? A FA ? ? B FB 100% water 20% methanol 40% methanol 60% methanol 80% methanol 100% methanol 21 Viscosity Table of Results 2: The flow times of a series of toluene/p-xylene solutions that are 0,20,40,60, 80, and 100% by volume. Density, ? (g/mL) Average Flow time, t (sec) Viscosity, ? (cP) ? k? t Toluene, volume % Fluidity F ? ? 1 0%Toluene (100% pxylene) 20% Toluene 40 60 80 100 0. 857 0. 858 0. 859 0. 859 0. 960 0. 861 Density of Toluene/p-Xylene Mixtures at 25 °C 22 Viscosity Table of Results 2: Cont’d %by volume 100% pxylene 20% toluene 40% toluene 60% toluene 80% toluene 100% toluene Densit y (g/ml ) 0. 857 0. 858 0. 859 0. 859 0. 960 0. 861 Mole fraction ln? ? ? A ln? A ? ? B ln? B viscosit y ? (cP) Fluidity F ? ? A FA ? ? B FB Xp-xylene =1 Xtoluene = Xp-xylene = Xtoluene = Xp-xylene = Xtoluene = Xp-xylene = Xtoluene = Xp-xylene = Xtoluene =1 3 Table of Results 3 : T(oC) 20 25 D (g mL-1) 0. 879 0. 857 ln ? vs. 1/T ln ? T(K) 1/T Average ? Flow time, ? ? k? t t (sec) 30 35 0. 852 0. 848 40 45 0. 943 0. 839 50 55 0. 834 0. 830 60 0. 825 24 1. Determine the viscosity coefficient for the methanol/water solutions and toluene/p-xylene solutions using equation ? ? k?. t Calculate Fluidity using equation ? 2. Calculate viscosity ? for the above solutions using equation ln? ? ? A ln? A ? ? B ln? B Calculate Fluidity using equation for all above solutions using equation F ? ? A FA ? ? B FB Data Analysis F ? 1 3. Compare the viscosity of the methanol/water mixtures to the toluene/pxylene mixtures by graphing the value of the viscosity coefficient (? ) versus the volume percentage of each mixture. Comment on the shape of the graphs. Comment on the â€Å"ideality† of the two solutions. 4. Next look at the dependence of viscosity of p-Xylene on temperature. Plot ln ? vs. 1/T and determine the activation energy and the error in the activation energy. (Use Excel to get the error in the slope and use it in a simple propagated error analysis) 25 How to cite Viscosity, Essay examples

The Cultural Diversity In The Euuropean Union Essay Example For Students

The Cultural Diversity In The Euuropean Union Essay 02 jun 2000 RESEARCH PAPER The European Union and its cultural diversity Meike Berns Int 305 City-University Thesis The European Union and its cultural diversity I would like to discuss that a sense of community which is necessary in business and in daily life is not achieved yet. Even with opening the borders between the member states and establishing a common currency the work is not done yet. The question often asked is how to achieve a sense of community in the different member states with their different cultures. Is it even possible? How can the goal of feeling as an European be achieved? Should people give up their national pride? To make Europe one unit is it necessary to have one language? Europe is more than just a home market and Euro. Culture plays a big role in getting a communal spirit and self-confidence for the Europeans. We will write a custom essay on The Cultural Diversity In The Euuropean Union specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Cultural and educational policy is the member states responsibility, but not only: Also the community has the mission to support culture (article 151 Treaty on European Union). This paper will explore the efforts made by the member states to meet the challenges arising within our socities: safeguarding European culture, affirming our common identity whilst recognizing our differences, promoting the study of our languages, history, civilization: the best antidots to backsliding into nationalism and intolerance. Culture is defined as behaviour peculiar to Homo sapiens, together with material objects used as an integral part of this behaviour. Thus, culture includes languages, ideas, beliefs, customs, codes, institution, tools, techniques, works of art, rituals, and ceremonies, among other elements ( Encyclopedia Britannica, 2000). The European Union consists of 15 Member States at the moment and negotiates with 13 new accession candidates. Europes population therefore will increase to 550 million people. The high number of Member States shows the varieties and differences as well as cultural problems that go along with this process. Although Europe shares a common history each country has developed its own cultural identity over centuries. The ongoing integration will show if Europe converges on the cultural as well as on the economic and political level. The European Union tries to improve the better understanding and acceptance of cultural diversities by several programs and initiatives towards a cultural convergence. The paper will focus on 1)the European Cultural Convention and 2) the Culture 2000 program which are part of this process. And will also show some 3) public opinions concerning the cultural diversity in Europe. 1) The European Cultural Convention was signed in 1954 and is the framework for the Council of Europes activity in a) education, b) culture, c) cultural heritage. Programs developed within the framework of the Convention are directed not only towards the Member States, but also towards all those actively involved, in partnership with the Council of Europe, in the development of education and culture. a) Education lays a foundation stone for the formation of opinions. Therefore it is very important to teach young people how to establish greater mutual understanding and confidence. An urgent need is to strengthen programs to eliminate prejudice in the teaching of history by emphasizing positive mutual influences by countries, religions and ideas in the historical development of Europe. Young people should learn how to form their own opinion by looking at every site of an subject. The Council has set up projects that show how to prepare them for study, training, work, mobility, leisure and everyday living in a multicultural Europe. A network of national agencies to promote school links and exchanges was established. It is based on the concept of cultural exchange, and linguistic considerations play a minor role. Participants can study in another country for three up to nine month and stay with a host family. To keep a vital role that individual citizens have to play in combating extremism and assuring democratic stability and social cohesion a project called Education for Democratic Citizenship came to life. It seeks to find ways of inspiring idividuals to take up this challenge in the context of rapidly evolving political structures. .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551 , .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551 .postImageUrl , .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551 , .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551:hover , .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551:visited , .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551:active { border:0!important; } .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551:active , .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551 .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u854c3c526debb6fd40f5663ff3698551:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: As Many Federal Departments And Agencies Lurch Into An Era Of Essay The Convention brings also the legal framework for the fair recognition of qualifications, degrees or diplomas in the European Union up to date. The target groups are students, parents, employers universities, . The cultural diversity in the Euuropean Union Essay Example For Students The cultural diversity in the Euuropean Union Essay 02 jun 2000 RESEARCH PAPER The European Union and its cultural diversity Meike Berns Int 305 City-University The European Union and its cultural diversity I would like to discuss that a sense of community which is necessary in business and in daily life is not achieved yet. Even with opening the borders between the member states and establishing a common currency the work is not done yet. The question often asked is how to achieve a sense of community in the different member states with their different cultures. Is it even possible? How can the goal of feeling as an European be achieved? Should people give up their national pride? To make Europe one unit is it necessary to have one language? Europe is more than just a home market and Euro. Culture plays a big role in getting a communal spirit and self-confidence for the Europeans. We will write a custom essay on The cultural diversity in the Euuropean Union specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Cultural and educational policy is the member states responsibility, but not only: Also the community has the mission to support culture (article 151 Treaty on European Union). This paper will explore the efforts made by the member states to meet the challenges arising within our socities: safeguarding European culture, affirming our common identity whilst recognizing our differences, promoting the study of our languages, history, civilization: the best antidots to backsliding into nationalism and intolerance. Culture is defined as behaviour peculiar to Homo sapiens, together with material objects used as an integral part of this behaviour. Thus, culture includes languages, ideas, beliefs, customs, codes, institution, tools, techniques, works of art, rituals, and ceremonies, among other elements ( Encyclopedia Britannica, 2000). The European Union consists of 15 Member States at the moment and negotiates with 13 new accession candidates. Europes population therefore will increase to 550 million people. The high number of Member States shows the varieties and differences as well as cultural problems that go along with this process. Although Europe shares a common history each country has developed its own cultural identity over centuries. The ongoing integration will show if Europe converges on the cultural as well as on the economic and political level. The European Union tries to improve the better understanding and acceptance of cultural diversities by several programs and initiatives towards a cultural convergence. The paper will focus on 1)the European Cultural Convention and 2) the Culture 2000 program which are part of this process. And will also show some 3) public opinions concerning the cultural diversity in Europe. 1) The European Cultural Convention was signed in 1954 and is the framework for the Council of Europes activity in a) education, b) culture, c) cultural heritage. Programs developed within the framework of the Convention are directed not only towards the Member States, but also towards all those actively involved, in partnership with the Council of Europe, in the development of education and culture. a) Education lays a foundation stone for the formation of opinions. Therefore it is very important to teach young people how to establish greater mutual understanding and confidence. An urgent need is to strengthen programs to eliminate prejudice in the teaching of history by emphasizing positive mutual influences by countries, religions and ideas in the historical development of Europe. Young people should learn how to form their own opinion by looking at every site of an subject. The Council has set up projects that show how to prepare them for study, training, work, mobility, leisure and everyday living in a multicultural Europe. A network of national agencies to promote school links and exchanges was established. It is based on the concept of cultural exchange, and linguistic considerations play a minor role. Participants can study in another country for three up to nine month and stay with a host family. To keep a vital role that individual citizens have to play in combating extremism and assuring democratic stability and social cohesion a project called Education for Democratic Citizenship came to life. It seeks to find ways of inspiring idividuals to take up this challenge in the context of rapidly evolving political structures. .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539 , .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539 .postImageUrl , .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539 , .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539:hover , .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539:visited , .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539:active { border:0!important; } .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539:active , .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539 .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u19e7603c0c06e4d3bbe5f45c0d04b539:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Racial profiling Essay The Convention brings also the legal framework for the fair recognition of qualifications, degrees or diplomas in the European Union up to date. The target groups are .

Is the ACT Curved Expert Guide to the ACT Curve

Is the ACT Curved Expert Guide to the ACT Curve SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Whether you've already taken the ACT or are busy preparing for it now,you've likelywondered at some point: isthe ACT curved? Does a 32 on one ACTequal a 32 on another? In this article, we’ll investigate the rumor of the ACT curve andexplain what it really means. Then we'll examine the function of this curve as well as how it's changedover time, before finally explaining what the ACT curve means for test takersand how you can use it to your advantage. Is the ACT Curved? Contrary to popular belief, there is no ACT curve. This means that how well other test takersdo on the ACT willnot affect your ACT score. Even if everyone who took the ACT on a particulartest date were to receive lowscores, none of these scores would be raised or redistributed to establish a more balanced ACT bell curve. In short,your ACT score will always be the exact score you earn on the test- itwill never increase nor decrease as a result ofother test takers' performances. So how does ACT scoring actually work, then? The test's creators,ACT, Inc.,account for variations in difficulty across test dates througha special processcalled equating. This process ensures that scale ACT scores from different administrations of the test always indicate the same level of ability, regardless of when or with whom you take the ACT. Here's howACT, Inc., describesequating: â€Å"Statistical processes, referred to as ‘equating,’ are used to ensure that scores from the same test (e.g., ACT math, ACT English) are comparable across administrations and students, so there is no advantage in taking a test in one administration (e.g., October 2015) over another administration* (e.g., May 2013).† *Emphasis mine. Basically,there's no such thing as an easier or harder ACT test date. ACTs are equated so that your chance of getting a certain scale score is the same for all administrations. This means thata Math score of 28 on one ACT will always equal a Math score of 28 on anotherACT, even if one test contains hardermath questions. So despite what the rumors may claim, there is no "best" time to take the ACTbecause when and with whom you take the ACTis ultimately irrelevant. In truth, neither factoraffectsyour chance of hitting your ACT goal scoreon test day! Even if you were surrounded by Albert Einsteins, their ACT scores still wouldn't affect yours! How Does the ACT â€Å"Curve† Work? Before we delve into the ACT curve,let's take a moment to review the ACT scoring system. The ACT comprises four subject areas: English, Math, Reading, and Science. (There is also a fifth optional Writing section.) Each of the four major sections is assigned a scale score on a scale of 1-36. These four scale scores are then averaged together to give you a composite ACT score out of 36. (This composite score does not include the ACT Writing score.) So how does ACT, Inc.,calculate these scale scores? For each section, you’ll begin with a raw score, which isequivalent to the number of questions you answered correctly. (Note that there are no penalties for incorrect or blank answers.) So ifyou answered 60 out of 75 questions correctly on the English section, your raw English score would be 60. Afterward, each raw score is then converted into a scale score out of 36. But here’s the kicker: how a raw score converts into a scale score varies with each administration of the ACT. This is because each ACT differs slightly in content and difficulty; thus, each test must use a unique equating formula to determinehow its raw scores will translate into scale scores. Unfortunately, this means there's no way for us to know for sure how a raw score will convert into a scale score on an upcoming ACT. That being said, we canestimatehow raw scores may convert into scale scores using score conversion charts fromofficial ACT practice tests. All of these practice tests are based on former ACTs that were actually administered, so the equating processes they employ are guaranteed to be most similar to those used for upcoming administrations. Below are the scoring tables for the2014-15and2016-17ACT practice tests. These tables will show us how raw scores vary in the scale scores into which they convert. 2014-15 ACT Score Conversion Table Scale Score Raw Scores Scale Score English Math Reading Science 36 75 59-60 40 40 36 35 73-74 57-58 39 39 35 34 71-72 55-56 38 38 34 33 70 54 - 37 33 32 69 53 37 - 32 31 68 52 36 36 31 30 67 50-51 35 35 30 29 66 49 34 34 29 28 64-65 47-48 33 33 28 27 62-63 45-46 32 31-32 27 26 60-61 43-44 31 30 26 25 58-59 41-42 30 28-29 25 24 56-57 38-40 29 26-27 24 23 53-55 36-37 27-28 24-25 23 22 51-52 34-35 26 23 22 21 48-50 33 25 21-22 21 20 45-47 31-32 23-24 19-20 20 19 42-44 29-30 22 17-18 19 18 40-41 27-28 20-21 16 18 17 38-39 24-26 19 14-15 17 16 35-37 19-23 18 13 16 15 33-34 15-18 16-17 12 15 14 30-32 12-14 14-15 11 14 13 29 10-11 13 10 13 12 27-28 8-9 11-12 9 12 11 25-26 6-7 9-10 8 11 10 23-24 5 8 7 10 9 20-22 4 7 6 9 8 17-19 - 6 5 8 7 14-16 3 5 4 7 6 11-13 - 4 3 6 5 9-10 2 3 - 5 4 6-8 - - 2 4 3 5 1 2 1 3 2 3-4 - 1 - 2 1 0-2 0 0 0 1 Now how did THIS table get in here? 2016-17 ACT Score Conversion Table Scale Score Raw Scores Scale Score English Math Reading Science 36 75 60 40 40 36 35 72-74 58-59 39 39 35 34 71 57 38 38 34 33 70 55-56 37 37 33 32 68-69 54 35-36 - 32 31 67 52-53 34 36 31 30 66 50-51 33 35 30 29 65 48-49 32 34 29 28 63-64 45-47 31 33 28 27 62 43-44 30 32 27 26 60-61 40-42 29 30-31 26 25 58-59 38-39 28 28-29 25 24 56-57 36-37 27 26-27 24 23 53-55 34-35 25-26 24-25 23 22 51-52 32-33 24 22-23 22 21 48-50 30-31 22-23 21 21 20 45-47 29 21 19-20 20 19 43-44 27-28 19-20 17-18 19 18 41-42 24-26 18 16 18 17 39-40 21-23 17 14-15 17 16 36-38 17-20 15-16 13 16 15 32-35 13-16 14 12 15 14 29-31 11-12 12-13 11 14 13 27-28 8-10 11 10 13 12 25-26 7 9-10 9 12 11 23-24 5-6 8 8 11 10 20-22 4 6-7 7 10 9 18-19 - - 5-6 9 8 15-17 3 5 - 8 7 12-14 - 4 4 7 6 10-11 2 3 3 6 5 8-9 - - 2 5 4 6-7 1 2 - 4 3 4-5 - - 1 3 2 2-3 - 1 - 2 1 0-1 0 0 0 1 Based onthe charts above, we can see that there are several variations inscore conversions. To get a scale score of 20 on Math, you’d need to answer at least 31 questions correctly on the 2014-15 test but only 29 on the 2016-17 test. This difference hintsthat the Math on the 2014-15 testisof a slightly easier difficulty than that on the 2016-17 test. Why? Becauseyou'd need to score more raw points on the 2014-15 Math section to get the same scale score on the 2016-17 Math section. We can also see that if you were to get a raw Readingscore of 28on the 2014-15 test, you’d get a scale score of 23. Buton the 2016-17 test, this same raw score would net you a noticeably higher score of 25. Once again, this relationship indicates that the 2014-15Reading section is slightly easier than the2016-17 Reading section. So what do these findings ultimatelymean for us? First off, score conversions for the ACT don't seem to vary significantly. On these two tests, most differences are fairly nominal - around two or three points at most - indicating that there likely won't beany giant discrepancies in raw score conversionsfor upcoming ACTs. Perhaps more importantly, though, we seethatyou can never knowexactly how many questions you'll need to answer correctly to geta certain scale score on the ACT. All you can do is estimate the number of correct answers you'll need using patterns in conversions for previous tests. Now, try estimating the number of books in this insanely cool book spiral. Has the ACT Curve Changed Over Time? We know that eachACT uses a different equating formula to convert raw scores into scale scores. But hasthis pattern in conversions changedover time? To answer this question, we’re going to look at the oldest and newest ACT practice tests currently available online: the 2005-06 test and the 2016-17 test. (Remember, these practice tests are based on real ACTs, so their score conversion tables should give us a general sense of how the ACT curve haschanged, if at all, over the years.) 2005-06 and 2016-17 ACT Score Conversions Scale Score Raw Scores (2005-06) Raw Scores (2016-17) Scale Score Eng Math Read Sci Eng Math Read Sci 36 75 60 40 40 75 60 40 40 36 35 74 59 39 - 72-74 58-59 39 39 35 34 73 58 38 39 71 57 38 38 34 33 72 57 - - 70 55-56 37 37 33 32 71 55-56 37 38 68-69 54 35-36 - 32 31 70 54 36 - 67 52-53 34 36 31 30 68-69 52-53 35 37 66 50-51 33 35 30 29 67 50-51 34 36 65 48-49 32 34 29 28 65-66 48-49 32-33 35 63-64 45-47 31 33 28 27 63-64 45-47 31 34 62 43-44 30 32 27 26 61-62 43-44 30 33 60-61 40-42 29 30-31 26 25 58-60 41-42 28-29 31-32 58-59 38-39 28 28-29 25 24 56-57 38-40 27 30 56-57 36-37 27 26-27 24 23 54-55 36-37 25-26 28-29 53-55 34-35 25-26 24-25 23 22 52-53 34-35 24 27 51-52 32-33 24 22-23 22 21 49-51 32-33 23 25-26 48-50 30-31 22-23 21 21 20 46-48 30-31 21-22 23-24 45-47 29 21 19-20 20 19 43-45 28-29 20 21-22 43-44 27-28 19-20 17-18 19 18 40-42 25-27 19 19-20 41-42 24-26 18 16 18 17 38-39 21-24 18 17-18 39-40 21-23 17 14-15 17 16 36-37 18-20 17 15-16 36-38 17-20 15-16 13 16 15 33-35 15-17 15-16 14 32-35 13-16 14 12 15 14 30-32 12-14 14 13 29-31 11-12 12-13 11 14 13 28-29 9-11 12-13 11-12 27-28 8-10 11 10 13 12 26-27 7-8 10-11 10 25-26 7 9-10 9 12 11 24-25 6 8-9 9 23-24 5-6 8 8 11 10 21-23 5 7 7-8 20-22 4 6-7 7 10 9 18-20 4 6 6 18-19 - - 5-6 9 8 15-17 3 5 5 15-17 3 5 - 8 7 12-14 - 4 4 12-14 - 4 4 7 6 10-11 2 - 3 10-11 2 3 3 6 5 8-9 - 3 2 8-9 - - 2 5 4 6-7 1 2 - 6-7 1 2 - 4 3 4-5 - - 1 4-5 - - 1 3 2 2-3 - 1 - 2-3 - 1 - 2 1 0-1 0 0 0 0-1 0 0 0 1 Glancing at each section, you can probably already see that there are some key differences in how raw scores convert into scale scores. On the Science section, missing three questions gives you a scale score of 33 on the 2016-17 test but only a 30 on the 2005-06 test. This trend applies to the other scores in Science, too:you’d generally have to score more raw points in Science on the 2005-06 test to get the same scale scores in Science on the 2016-17 test. Thus,we can infer thatthe2005-06 Science questions were slightly easier than the 2016-17 Science questions. But do the other sections follow similar patterns? Yep!On Reading, a raw score of 35 translates to a scale score of 32 on the 2016-17 test but only a 30 on the 2005-06 test. Once again, this points to a slight difference in difficulty, with the 2005-06 Reading section being a little easier than the 2016-17 section. Likewise, on Math and English, the 2016-17 test tends to require fewer raw points to get certain scale scores than the 2005-06 test. Even withthe presence of these patterns, however, most differences in score conversions for the two tests are minimal.In fact, the vast majority of raw scores convert intoscale scores only one to two points lower or higher. So despite the fact there are clearly differencesin the equating formulasfor the two tests, we can conclude that the number of questions you must answer correctly to get certain scale scores on the ACT has remained relatively consistent throughout the years. Additionally,by taking into account the consistency of ACT percentiles, we seethat the overall difficulty of the ACT hasn’t experienced any drastic shifts, either, further supporting our conclusion. The number of sprinkles on these cookies is definitely NOT consistent. What Does the ACT Curve Mean for YOU? As I've mentioned before, theACT curve is extraordinarily useful for estimating the number of correct answers you'll need to get the scale score you want on test day. Before you start prepping for the ACT, find your target score. Then, use official ACT score conversion charts from practice tests to estimate the number of questions you'll need to get rightin order to reach your target scores for the English, Math, Reading, and Science sections. Just remember the caveat: noscore conversion chart will apply exactly to your upcoming ACT administration, as each of these charts showcasesthe equating process forone specific test.But by usingseveral charts together, you can give yourself a fairly accuraterange of raw-score-to-scale-score conversions. Additionally, it's important you understandthe following key pointsabout the ACT curve: When you take the ACT does not affectyour scale score.The equating process ensures that test takers on one test date will not have an advantage over test takers on a different test date, and this goes for state-sponsored administrations, as well. So don't believe the rumors - there's no easier or harder test date! (This is why raw scoresconvert differently intoscale scores!) Who takes the ACT does not affect your scale score.Scale scores are not like ACT percentilesin thatthey're not determined by how well other test takers perform. So, really, it doesn’t matter at all who you take the test with. Even if you were to take the ACT with all certified geniuses, their scores still wouldn't affect yours in the slightest! You can'tuse the ACT curve to game the system.Because you'llnever know beforehand how a specific ACTwill convert raw scores into scale scores, youcan't everguarantee yourself a higher score by taking the ACT on a certain date or with a specific group of people. Absolutely none of these factors affects the ACT curve, and anyone who claims otherwise is wrong! Unfortunately, you can't Houdini your way to a high ACT score. Recap: Is the ACT Curved? Despite what's often rumored, there is no ACT curve - at least not a traditional one. The ACT accounts for differences in difficulty among various administrations of the exam through a complex equating process. But because we don't know what the exact equating formula is for each test, we'll never be able to predict with certainty how raw scores on an upcoming ACT will convert into scale scores. Nevertheless, you can use score conversion tables from official ACT practice tests to estimate the number of correct answers you’ll need to reach your goal scores on test day. All official practice tests are based on past ACTs and thusoffer a realistic glimpse intohow raw scores typically convert into scale scores. Overall, the essential facts to remember about the ACT curve are the following: The ACT curve is actually an equating process that accounts for variances in difficulty among different test dates. Therefore,it doesn’t matter when or with whom you take thetest. The ACT curve has remained relatively stable over time, meaning the number of correct answers you need to get certain scale scores varies only minimallywith each test. You can't use the ACT curve to cheat the systemor secure yourself a higher ACT score, so don’t even bother trying! What’s Next? Want to learn more about ACT scoring?Get the rundown onhow the ACT is scoredand check out our guide for detailed tips on what the ACT score range means for you. Need ACT tips and resources?We've got a huge selection here at PrepScholar, whether you're looking for the best ACT prep books or our expert strategies for getting a perfect 36. What about the SAT? Does it have a curve, too? Hop on over tomy in-depth analysis of theSAT curve (coming soon) tolearn more about the SAT equating processand how raw SAT scores convert into scaled scores. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

The Writing Process

The Writing Process The Writing Process The Writing Process By Ali Hale Whether you know it or not, there’s a process to writing – which many writers follow naturally. If you’re just getting started as a writer, though, or if you always find it a struggle to produce an essay, short story or blog, following the writing process will help. I’m going to explain what each stage of the writing process involves, and I’ll offer some tips for each section that will help out if you’re still feeling stuck! 1. Prewriting Have you ever sat staring at a blank piece of paper or a blank document on your computer screen? You might have skipped the vital first stage of the writing process: prewriting. This covers everything you do before starting your rough draft. As a minimum, prewriting means coming up with an idea! Ideas and Inspiration Ideas are all around you. If you want to write but you don’t have any ideas, try: Using a writing prompt to get you started. Writing about incidents from your daily life, or childhood. Keeping a notebook of ideas – jotting down those thoughts that occur throughout the day. Creating a vivid character, and then writing about him/her. See also How to Generate Hundreds of Writing Ideas. Tip: Once you have an idea, you need to expand on it. Don’t make the mistake of jumping straight into your writing – you’ll end up with a badly structured piece. Building on Your Idea These are a couple of popular methods you can use to add flesh to the bones of your idea: Free writing: Open a new document or start a new page, and write everything that comes into your head about your chosen topic. Don’t stop to edit, even if you make mistakes. Brainstorming: Write the idea or topic in the center of your page. Jot down ideas that arise from it – sub-topics or directions you could take with the article. Once you’ve done one or both of these, you need to select what’s going into your first draft. Planning and Structure Some pieces of writing will require more planning than others. Typically, longer pieces and academic papers need a lot of thought at this stage. First, decide which ideas you’ll use. During your free writing and brainstorming, you’ll have come up with lots of thoughts. Some belong in this piece of writing: others can be kept for another time. Then, decide how to order those ideas. Try to have a logical progression. Sometimes, your topic will make this easy: in this article, for instance, it made sense to take each step of the writing process in order. For a short story, try the eight-point story arc. 2. Writing Sit down with your plan beside you, and start your first draft (also known as the rough draft or rough copy). At this stage, don’t think about word-count, grammar, spelling and punctuation. Don’t worry if you’ve gone off-topic, or if some sections of your plan don’t fit too well. Just keep writing! If you’re a new writer, you might be surprised that professional authors go through multiple drafts before they’re happy with their work. This is a normal part of the writing process – no-one gets it right first time. Some things that many writers find helpful when working on the first draft include: Setting aside at least thirty minutes to concentrate: it’s hard to establish a writing flow if you’re just snatching a few minutes here and there. Going somewhere without interruptions: a library or coffee shop can work well, if you don’t have anywhere quiet to write at home. Switching off distracting programs: if you write your first draft onto a computer, you might find that turning off your Internet connection does wonders for your concentration levels! When I’m writing fiction, I like to use the free program Dark Room (you can find more about it on our collection of writing software). You might write several drafts, especially if you’re working on fiction. Your subsequent drafts will probably merge elements of the writing stage and the revising stage. Tip: Writing requires concentration and energy. If you’re a new writer, don’t try to write for hours without stopping. Instead, give yourself a time limit (like thirty minutes) to really focus – without checking your email! 3. Revising Revising your work is about making â€Å"big picture† changes. You might remove whole sections, rewrite entire paragraphs, and add in information which you’ve realized the reader will need. Everyone needs to revise – even talented writers. The revision stage is sometimes summed up with the A.R.R.R. (Adding, Rearranging, Removing, Replacing) approach: Adding What else does the reader need to know? If you haven’t met the required word-count, what areas could you expand on? This is a good point to go back to your prewriting notes – look for ideas which you didn’t use. Rearranging Even when you’ve planned your piece, sections may need rearranging. Perhaps as you wrote your essay, you found that the argument would flow better if you reordered your paragraphs. Maybe you’ve written a short story that drags in the middle but packs in too much at the end. Removing Sometimes, one of your ideas doesn’t work out. Perhaps you’ve gone over the word count, and you need to take out a few paragraphs. Maybe that funny story doesn’t really fit with the rest of your article. Replacing Would more vivid details help bring your piece to life? Do you need to look for stronger examples and quotations to support your argument? If a particular paragraph isn’t working, try rewriting it. Tip: If you’re not sure what’s working and what isn’t, show your writing to someone else. This might be a writers’ circle, or just a friend who’s good with words. Ask them for feedback. It’s best if you can show your work to several people, so that you can get more than one opinion. 4. Editing The editing stage is distinct from revision, and needs to be done after revising. Editing involves the close-up view of individual sentences and words. It needs to be done after you’ve made revisions on a big scale: or else you could agonize over a perfect sentence, only to end up cutting that whole paragraph from your piece. When editing, go through your piece line by line, and make sure that each sentence, phrase and word is as strong as possible. Some things to check for are: Have you used the same word too many times in one sentence or paragraph? Use a thesaurus to find alternatives. Are any of your sentences hard to understand? Rewrite them to make your thoughts clear. Which words could you cut to make a sentence stronger? Words like â€Å"just† â€Å"quite†, â€Å"very†, â€Å"really† and â€Å"generally† can often be removed. Are your sentences grammatically correct? Keep a careful look out for problems like subject-verb agreement and staying consistent in your use of the past, present or future tense. Is everything spelt correctly? Don’t trust your spell-checker – it won’t pick up every mistake. Proofread as many times as necessary. Have you used punctuation marks correctly? Commas often cause difficulties. You might want to check out the Daily Writing Tips articles on punctuation. Tip: Print out your work and edit on paper. Many writers find it easier to spot mistakes this way. 5. Publishing The final step of the writing process is publishing. This means different things depending on the piece you’re working on. Bloggers need to upload, format and post their piece of completed work. Students need to produce a final copy of their work, in the correct format. This often means adding a bibliography, ensuring that citations are correct, and adding details such as your student reference number. Journalists need to submit their piece (usually called â€Å"copy†) to an editor. Again, there will be a certain format for this. Fiction writers may be sending their story to a magazine or competition. Check guidelines carefully, and make sure you follow them. If you’ve written a novel, look for an agent who represents your genre. (There are books like Writer’s Market, published each year, which can help you with this.) Tip: Your piece of writing might never be published. That’s okay – many bestselling authors wrote lots of stories or articles before they got their first piece published. Nothing that you write is wasted, because it all contributes to your growth as a writer. Conclusion The five stages of the writing process are a framework for writing well and easily. You might want to bookmark this post so that you can come back to it each time you start on a new article, blog post, essay or story: use it as a checklist to help you. If you have any tips about the writing process, or if you want to share your experiences, tell us in the comments! Check Out Other Articles from The Writing 101 Series: The Writing Process Creative Writing 101 Story Writing 101 Letter Writing 101 Business Writing 101 Freelance Writing 101 Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Writing Basics category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial Expressions26 Feel-Good WordsHow Do You Pronounce "Mozart"?

Equity and Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Equity and Trust - Essay Example Whether the person involved is a trustee or an executor depends on the manner in which the decedent held his/her property. A trustee is an individual or a firm that holds responsibility, authority and position over a property on behalf of or/and for the benefit of another (Free willWriting.com, 2013). In a broader term, a trustee could also refer to a person who sits on the Board of Trustees for a firm that works in the interest of and for the benefit of the general public. Although often set up for charitable reasons, a trust could also be set up for the benefit of individuals. Thus, the key types of trust are a will trust for the testators family and children, a pension trust, and a charitable trust (Free willWriting.com, 2013). The executor on the other hand is the person or the trust company mandated to settle the estate of a testator according to the provisions of the will. This paper advises Trevor and Tony, an executor and a trustee regarding the distribution of Sam’s (the decedent) wealth and the settling of his/her business affairs and debts according to the provisions of the will left. In his will, Sam outlines how his assets are to be distributed to the beneficiaries. First, Sam leaves his 20,000 shares in BT plc to his trustees on trust. He directs the trustees to hold the bulk of these shares for his sister Margaret and the remainder for his four grandchildren in whatever shares the trustees deem appropriate. Second, Sam directs that his bronze statue of a musician to be given to his daughter Fiona, who should keep it safely for her grandchildren. Third, he directs that his trustees distribute  £50,000 amongst the inhabitants of Greater London as the trustees deem appropriate. Finally, he directs that his executors distribute  £300,000 amongst his friends. Further, in case the executors doubt who Sam’s friends were, his wife should help in identifying his

Marketing principles Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Marketing principles - Assignment Example Lowering prices increase the sales volume of the company. In some cases, consumers do not consider the price of the product, but instead go for quality, cost effectiveness, accessibility, time, and value added. Therefore, price influences the companys growth and at the same time limited in its scope. These are company’s activities, which makes the product available to consumers. For products to be available to consumers, an organization must target larger geographical coverage and open distribution centers. Similarly, goods have to be placed next to consumers to allow their accessibility. Because of this, companies open distribution networks to enable the products and services reach the target market. This is a way the company communicates to its customers about the product, values and benefits. There are different ways an organization can promote its products, and they include internet marketing, print media adverts, direct sales among others. Marketing orientation is of benefit because it makes the organization respond to demands. It enables the organization to react to what customers want hence eliminating guessing and forecasting characterized by guessing what consumers wants. It also helps in building customer values, which helps a company in increasing customer loyalty to the brand. This benefits the company because it gives a competitive advantage and solidifies the customer base. The company also benefits from reward sales because of customers repeat larger purchase. However, it is costly because the company has to invest in marketing research. This may prove to be expensive for an organization will have to move and conduct a study in order to know what customers prefer. The microenvironment influencing MacDonald marketing strategies involves issues of its managements. For instance, the company has many customers, which influences its marketing decision. It has to market its products to reach its large customers

Use of Disguise in Homers Odyssey Essay example -- Homer, Odyssey Ess

The Use of Disguise in Odyssey       In Homer's Odyssey, the use of disguise to help convey a false identity assists the characters in accomplishing their plans.   Without the use of disguise it would thwart Odyssey’s attempts at arriving back to his homeland. Each disguise has its own individual purpose, for example Athene's image as Mentor to advise Telemachos.   The main intention being to assist and encourage Telemachos into searching for news of his long lost father without revealing her true identity of divinity.   Being old and wise, and more specifically male, enables Athene to place more power behind the words spoken by Mentor.   This is since men were received with greater influence and reverence than women were culturally and contextually.   Similarly, Odysseus, through... ...d disguiser.   Works Cited and Consulted Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A commentary on Homer's Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford 1988 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Murnaghan, Sheila, Disguise and Recognition in the Odyssey, Princeton UP 1987 Van der Valk, Marchinus. Textual Criticism of the Odyssey. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1949.

A Family of One Sound Essay

As we move forward through our lives we begin to see, new bonds created that makes this group a family. We speak together as one mind, one heart, one sound, so that love and support can be found. Our mistakes are learned from and we begin to look back, on the way things used to be before our music was intact. We cannot be a selfish a selfish generation only looking for fame, what we should realize is that at the end of every year we will never be the same. The truth about this group is that we leave no one out, and we all know to leave no doubt. Our parents always talk to us about setting the example for each other, what they don’t realize is that we are setting the example, for music, our other mother. Through the power of music everything is possible to us and we will not be denied, we need to take a stand and show everyone the power of ‘Jaguar Pride’. I am a witness as are you to the effect of one musician can have on us all, his memory reminds us that WE NEED TO STAND TALL. As our lives continue to change daily our bonds grow stronger, our music creates a common goal, to mourn no longer. My message through this spoken word is simple but everlasting; we should band together as one sound and persevere through our tragic passing. We’re the definition of putting up a fight, we have no weakness, and the ability to make our hardest times into positive memories is what will complete us. As we stand here today as witnesses to the power of music in our lives, we lay our foundation for starting a new, a new chance to strive. Think of me as a voice, a voice of support, my encouragement can be seen as a safe haven, a vocal fort. We often look past those things that are dearest to us, yet one thing stays common, the way music strengthens us. To say that we are one with music is just that, a saying, to be serious about this we must be one with ourselves and together as one unit, to show everyone we are staying. And to the choir directors, our loyal guardians, our second set of parents whom we love dearly, continue to be our guiding lights, our reason to not be weary. For all hardships and difficult situations that come our way, we all need to know that the three of you will stay with us always. I speak to you today through love and inspiration, to let you all, my other family know, that the power of music can help us obtain a new year of recreation that will always help us grow. Our main goal this year should be one that is simple, but always have a part of our heart; we must grow as one and show to everyone that one sound, for one reason, through one family is the purest art. Let us grow as one and support each other daily, we’ll show everyone that we truly are a family.